Erosive gastritis of the stomach is one of the most complex forms of the disease. The symptoms of erosive gastritis give a person pain, cause vomiting, nausea, gastric bleeding. The picture is not pleasant, and this form of gastritis, as a rule, is diagnosed almost instantly. The acidity in erosive gastritis can be increased or decreased, and by the characteristic signs you yourself can suspect which one is yours. Acute erosive gastritis is characterized by severe manifestations, and in such a situation it is important to urgently seek medical help. Our next article is devoted to the symptoms and treatment of erosive gastritis.
- Erosive gastritis of the stomach
- Types of erosive gastric gastritis
- Causes of erosive gastritis
- NSAIDs
- Substances
- Stress
- Radiation
- Other reasons
- Diagnosis of erosive gastritis
- Erosive gastric gastritis: symptoms and treatment
- Symptoms of erosive gastritis
- Treatment of erosive gastritis
- Erosive gastritis ICD-10
- Erosive gastritis acidity
- Signs of low acidity of erosive gastritis
- Signs of increased acidity of erosive gastritis
- How to quickly determine the acidity in gastritis
- Diet with exacerbation of erosive gastritis
- De nol tablets for erosive gastritis
Erosive gastritis of the stomach
Gastritis is a well-known and common disease in which the stomach wall becomes inflamed. It can be broadly classified as erosive or non-erosive. The term “erosive gastritis” refers to a condition in which the inflammation of the stomach wall is minimal, but instead the wall wears out. This manifests itself in the form of open ulcers (ulcers) or erosions. This is often considered a more serious type of gastritis because there is a possibility of significant bleeding from an eroded or ulcerated area. Erosive gastritis can be both acute and chronic.
Erosive gastritis is an inflammatory pathology of the stomach, in which single or multiple defective areas form on its walls in the form of erosions that provoke the destruction of the mucous membrane.
Usually the sizes of such erosion sites vary from 0.2 to 15 mm. Often, the bottom and edges of erosions have a pronounced brown color due to previous hemorrhage caused by pathological irritation of the gastric mucosa and increased permeability of its vascular network. With frequent bleeding, this pathology is defined as erosive-hemorrhagic gastritis.
Nowadays, erosive gastritis of the stomach is still poorly studied. However, medical experts still tend to believe that the origins of its development may be: poor nutrition, unstable psycho-emotional state, H. pylori bacterium, chronic diseases and stomach injuries, prolonged use of certain medications, the presence of endocrine and oncological diseases, as well as alcohol abuse.
Experts warn that it is strictly forbidden to treat the symptoms of erosive gastritis on their own, it is necessary to immediately seek qualified medical care.
Doctors say that all of the above factors can provoke the appearance of hypoxia of the tissues of the gastric mucosa, which can result in the formation of erosions in the stomach. Depending on the type of the developed disease, the clinical picture of the pathology can vary significantly and be characterized by various symptomatic manifestations, however, in most cases, the symptoms of erosive gastritis manifest themselves in the form of acute abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bubbling and bloating, diarrhea with the release of blood.
Types of erosive gastric gastritis
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- chronic erosive gastric gastritis: develops rather slowly, characterized by the formation of multiple ulcerative defects affecting the deep layers of mucosal tissues;
- acute erosive gastric gastritis: develops rapidly and painfully, damaging mainly the superficial epithelium of the mucosa;
- erosive antral gastric gastritis: caused by H.pylori infection, characterized by erosive lesion of the antral (lower) part of the stomach, in which the damaged mucosal epithelium loses its ability to regenerate. Doctors note that the treatment of antral erosive gastritis should always begin with taking antibiotics that suppress the activity of the bacterial environment in the stomach;
- erosive reflux gastritis of the stomach: it occurs due to the casting of the contents of the intestine into the adjacent part of the stomach, characterized by a deep lesion of the mucous membrane in the form of the formation of extensive erosive and ulcerative defects on it, causing the detachment of stomach tissues.
Causes of erosive gastritis
The two most common causes of gastritis are NSAIDs and infection with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). However, NSAIDs are a more common cause of erosive gastritis, while as infection H.pylori is responsible for non-erosive gastritis.
NSAIDs
The mechanism by which NSAIDs cause erosive gastritis has been explained above. This is the result of prostaglandin inhibition. Although short-term use of excessive amounts of NSAIDs can cause erosive gastritis, this is usually a consequence of long-term use of NSAIDs. Therefore, NSAIDs are the most common cause of both acute and chronic erosive gastritis.
Substances
Alcohol and cocaine use are two other harmful factors that can also contribute to erosive gastritis. Usually erosive gastritis occurs due to alcohol and cocaine with prolonged use or misuse of psychoactive substances. Chronic alcoholism is one of the main causes of chronic erosive gastritis, second only to NSAIDs.
Stress
There is a common misconception that stress, or rather psychological stress, causes a type of gastritis known as stress gastritis. However, stress gastritis is caused by severe diseases such as burns, severe illnesses, extensive trauma and serious surgery. Although psychological stress can be an aggravating factor, it is usually not gastritis. Stress gastritis can be erosive in nature.
Radiation
Another cause of erosive gastritis is injury to the stomach wall during radiation exposure and subsequent tissue damage. This is more often observed in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, especially when the malignant neoplasm is in or near the stomach.
Other reasons
The following less common causes may be the cause of erosive and non-erosive gastritis.
- infections other than H.pylori
- autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune gastritis
- other diseases of the stomach and intestines, including Crohn’s disease.
Diagnosis of erosive gastritis
Although signs and symptoms, as well as the patient’s medical history, may indicate gastritis, further studies are needed to confirm the diagnosis of erosive gastritis. Blood and stool tests can confirm anemia with blood loss, infection and the presence of blood in the stool. However, imaging studies, such as endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) or gastroscopy, will confirm the diagnosis of erosive gastritis.
Ulcers and erosions will be visible, as well as other changes in the stomach, such as an increase in stomach folds and nodules. Other studies may include radiography with double contrast with barium, when the patient takes a radiopaque dye, and the stomach is highlighted on the X-ray.
Erosive gastric gastritis: symptoms and treatment
Erosive gastritis is an inflammatory lesion of the gastric mucosa, in which the formation of single or multiple erosive defects on its walls occurs against the background of minimal activity of the inflammatory process. Erosive gastritis is often accompanied by bleeding and hemorrhagic imbibition of the affected mucous membrane.
The acute form of the disease is rare, it proceeds violently and is poorly treatable, and therefore in most cases it turns into a chronic form. Chronic erosive gastritis is diagnosed, according to various data, in 2-18% of all patients who have undergone endoscopic examination for epigastric pain.
Specialists in the field of clinical gastroenterology note that this pathology is 3 times more common among men. At the same time, the acute form of the disease is inherent in men of working age, it is less common among children and affects mainly the female sex; chronic erosions are also more often formed in men, but already in old age. Acute erosive gastritis accounts for up to 5% of all gastric bleeding.
Bleeding develops in every third patient with gastric erosions, and in 3% it can be so massive that it leads to an unfavorable outcome. The most relevant study of erosive gastritis for gastroenterologists, surgeons.
To date, it is known that erosive gastritis is a manifestation of severe disorders of homeostasis, metabolism, immune reactions and microcirculation of the initial parts of the digestive tract. To date, it is known that erosive gastritis is a manifestation of severe disorders of homeostasis, metabolism, immune reactions and microcirculation of the initial parts of the digestive tract.
Usually erosive gastritis in the early stages is successfully masked as food toxicoinfections or exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal pathology
Symptoms of erosive gastritis
Usually erosive gastritis in the early stages is successfully masked as food toxicoinfections or exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal pathology. The patient is concerned about dyspeptic phenomena – heartburn, nausea, non-intense pain in the epigastrium, flatulence and instability of the stool.
Therefore, the correct diagnosis is more often established at the stage of manifest manifestations, when bleeding develops from the eroded mucous membrane, expressed by vomiting with streaks of blood or melena (black feces containing elements of digested blood). Gastric bleeding is one of the characteristic signs of erosive gastritis. If erosive gastritis is caused by severe stress, then its first sign is often acute bleeding, accompanied by shock phenomena.
The main complications of erosive gastritis include shock, recurrent bleeding, anemia, infection with Helicobacterium and other microorganisms, the formation of stomach ulcers, strictures and deformities of its cavity.
Erosive gastritis should be differentiated with other diseases manifested by gastric bleeding: peptic ulcer, cancer and gastric polyps, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, esophageal varicose veins; injuries, burns and radiation damage to the gastric mucosa.
Treatment of erosive gastritis
The main approach to treatment is to first identify the cause and eliminate it, if possible. As for erosive gastritis, NSAIDs should be replaced or completely abolished, as well as other substances that may be contributing factors. Medical treatment of erosive gastritis is similar to non-erosive gastritis.
- Antacids help neutralize acid in the stomach, relieve symptoms such as pain, and help healing.
- Acid-suppressing drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers, reduce acid production and also promote healing.
Other medications for the treatment of gastritis, such as antibiotics, are only necessary for the eradication therapy of H.pylori. Since infection with H.pylori is unlikely to cause erosive gastritis, this is usually not necessary.
Treatment of erosive gastritis should be comprehensive, the direction of therapy largely depends on the etiology of the disease.
Urgent measures include correction of anemia and hemodynamic disorders by transfusion of blood products and blood substitutes; medical and surgical hemostasis (electrocoagulation or endoscopic clipping of a bleeding vessel).
Etiotropic therapy of erosive gastritis usually includes gastric lavage, eradication of an infectious agent (by prescribing antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral or antiparasitic drugs).
To prevent complications of erosive gastritis, it may be necessary to prescribe medications that inhibit the secretion of gastric juice (H2-histamine receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, somatostatin analogues), gastroprotectors. It is mandatory to follow a therapeutic diet (in the first hours – therapeutic fasting, gradual transition to diet No. 0, then No. 1). Antacids have a weak preventive effect in erosive gastritis.
Symptomatic treatment is aimed at eliminating the signs of the disease: if necessary, narcotic analgesics are administered (it is forbidden to use NSAIDs for acute and chronic gastritis); antispasmodics (atropine, papaverine, platyphillin). To eliminate nausea and vomiting, prokinetics (metoclopramide, domperidone) are usually used.
Erosive gastritis ICD-10
The international classification of diseases ICD-10 is used in the healthcare system. But the average person does not always understand how this phrase is associated with the disease. It’s very simple. This classification is intended for statistics of all existing diseases and health-related problems. And the number 10 in this phrase shows the frequency with which these statistics are collected (10 years).
Erosive (hemorrhagic) gastritis or bulbitis is very common among the varieties of the gastrointestinal tract. This disease is not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. After all, with its development, the entire gastric mucosa is affected by small, but quite numerous erosions, which not only cause pain, but also bleed quite often.
If a sick person saw in his medical documents the ICD-10 code, erosive gastritis, a description of it, if desired, can be found in a reference book containing information about various diseases. But it is worth remembering firmly that any self-treatment with this disease is fraught with serious complications. All medical prescriptions are the prerogative of the doctor! And the ICD is created only for specialist doctors.
According to the ICD, the code of chronic gastritis K-29.0. For a simple layman, this is an ordinary set of letters and numbers, but for a medic, it says a lot. Only after seeing it in a medical document, a gastroenterologist will immediately say that it is acute erosive gastritis complicated by bleeding.
It is dangerous because it is a precursor of an ulcer, and if treatment is ignored, it quickly develops into it. Its development is accompanied by inflammation in certain areas of the stomach and focal lesions appearing there, which have very thin, often bleeding, vessel walls.
It is necessary in order to have optimal conditions for processing and analyzing all statistical data that are obtained from different regions and countries on morbidity and mortality. In ICD-10, verbal diagnoses are converted into an alphanumeric code, which greatly facilitates not only analysis, but also storage, as well as data extraction.
Erosive gastritis acidity
Violation of the normal level of acidity of the stomach leads to its malfunction, and it is important to know its level in order to take appropriate measures.
Food is not fully digested, there is a decrease in immunity, a decline in strength. How to determine the acidity of gastritis? What devices should I use for this? What are the most common signs of changes in the acidity of gastric juice and symptoms?
Signs of low acidity of erosive gastritis
With a decrease in the acidity of gastric juice, the process of disinfection of the food consumed is disrupted. This leads to additional inflammation of the mucous membrane, creating conditions for the reproduction of harmful bacteria. In some cases, a zero level of acidity may be observed.
If gastritis with low acidity lasts long enough, the following symptoms are observed:
- heartburn;
- belching with the smell of rot or rotten egg;
- stool disorders;
- metallic taste in the mouth;
- flatulence, bloating of the intestine;
- anemia;
- vitamin deficiency;
- feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating.
In some cases, immediately after eating, the patient may feel a dull pain in the epigastrium. Especially pain is expressed at zero acidity. With a severe form of the disease, weakness is felt, weight loss is recorded, the desire to lead a sedentary lifestyle. Due to the fact that the lack of acidity is accompanied by a violation of protein digestion, the development of hypoproteinemia is quite likely. All these symptoms should be the reason for going to the doctor.